Ikoreshwa
Uko bikoreshwa
- Subiza, hanyuma inyongeramusango ikongeramwo ingereka z’inkomoko mu buryo bwikora — canke ibanze ibaze, iyo vyashizweho mu Mahitamo.
- Gusubirwamwo birakurwaho hisunzwe izina ry’idosiye; ibice vya S/MIME burundu birasimbukwa. Amasanamu y’imbere (inline) asubizwa mu mubiri w’igisubizo uko bisanzwe (guhagarika biciye kuri "Include inline pictures" mu Mahitamo).
- Ingereka ziri ku rutonde rw’irabura (blacklist) na zo nyene zirahagarikwa (amagereranyo ya glob atitaho inyuguti nkuru/nto akwiragiza amazina y’amadosiye gusa, si inzira). Raba Igenamiterere.
Ivibera mu gusubiza
- Gutahura igisubizo → kurondora ingereka z’inkomoko → gusivura S/MIME + z’imbere → ugushobora kwemeza → kwongeramwo amadosiye akwiye (kureka izisubirako) → gusubizaho amasanamu y’imbere mu mubiri.
Urugendo rukomeye vs. urworuhutse: Inyongeramusango ubwa mbere ikura mu ngereka z’idosiye ibice vya S/MIME n’ivy’imbere. Nta na kimwe cemewe, ikora urugendo ruruhutse rukirinda S/MIME/ivy’imbere ariko rukihanganira izindi ngorane (raba Code Details). Amasanamu y’imbere ntazongerwa nk’ingereka z’idosiye; aho kubigira, iyo "Include inline pictures" yashizweho (ni ko bisanzwe), ashyirwa mu mubiri w’igisubizo nk’ama data URI ya base64.
| Ubwoko bw’igice | Urugendo rukomeye | Urugendo ruruhutse |
|---|---|---|
Idosiye y’umukono wa S/MIME smime.p7s | Bikuwemwo | Bikuwemwo |
Ubwoko bwa MIME bwa S/MIME (application/pkcs7-*) | Bikuwemwo | Bikuwemwo |
Isanamu y’imbere yerekejwe na Content‑ID (image/*) | Bikuwemwo (bisubizwa mu mubiri*) | Bikuwemwo (bisubizwa mu mubiri*) |
E‑mail yafatanyijwe (message/rfc822) ifise izina ry’idosiye | Ntivyongerwa | Birashobora kwongerwa |
| Ingereka y’idosiye isanzwe ifise izina | Birashobora kwongerwa | Birashobora kwongerwa |
* Iyo "Include inline pictures" yashizweho (bisanzwe: ON), amasanamu y’imbere ashyirwa mu mubiri w’igisubizo nka data URI ya base64 aho kwongerwa nk’ingereka z’idosiye. Raba Igenamiterere.
Ingero: Zimwe mu ngereka zishobora kubura umutwe (headers) zimwe, ariko zigakomeza kuba amadosiye asanzwe (atari inline/S/MIME). Mu gihe urugendo rukomeye ntirabona n’imwe, urworuhutse rushobora kuzemera no kuziyungurura.
Guhuza ivyerekezo
- Kwohereza imbere (Forward) ntibihindurwa uko vyateguwe (raba Ibingamizi hepfo).
- Ku mpamvu ingereka zotokwongerwa, raba “Impamvu ingereka zishobora kutongerwa”.
Ibisobanuro vy’ukuntu bikora
- Kwirinda gusubirako: Inyongeramusango irimika ikimenyetso ko ishashura ryo kwandika ryatunganyijwe ikoresheje agaciro ka session ka buri tab n’umuzirikanyi uri imbere (in‑memory guard). Ntizongeramwo z’inkomoko kabiri.
- Gufunga no gusubira gufungura idirishya ryo kwandika bifatwa nk’isashura nshasha (ni ukuvuga ko urundi rugerageza ruremewe).
- Kwubahiriza ingereka zisanzwe: Naho mu kwandika harimwo ingereka zimwe, izo z’inkomoko zirongerwa rimwe gusa, hakasibwa amazina y’amadosiye asanzwe ahari.
- Ivyo kwigizayo: Ibipanguzi vya S/MIME n’amasanamu y’imbere bikuwemwo mu ngereka z’idosiye. Nta na kimwe cemewe ku rugendo rwa mbere, harakorwa urworuhutse rusubira gusuzuma ibice bitari S/MIME. Amasanamu y’imbere akurikiranwa ukwabyo: asubizwa mu mubiri w’igisubizo nk’ama data URI (iyo vyashizweho).
- Amazina y’amadosiye:
smime.p7s - Ubwoko bwa MIME:
application/pkcs7-signature,application/x-pkcs7-signature,application/pkcs7-mime - Amasanamu y’imbere: igice ico ari co cose
image/*cerekanywe na Content‑ID — gikuwemwo mu ngereka z’idosiye ariko gishirwa mu mubiri w’igisubizo iyo "Include inline pictures" iri ON - E‑mails zifatanye (
message/rfc822): zifatwa nk’ingereka zisanzwe iyo zifise izina ry’idosiye; zirashobora kwongerwa (bishingiye ku gusuzuma ibisubirako n’urutonde rw’irabura).
- Amazina y’amadosiye:
- Impuruza y’urutonde rw’irabura (iyo yashizweho): Igihe abakandida bakuwemwo n’urutonde rwawe rw’irabura, inyongeramusango irerekana akadirisha gatoyi kerekana amadosiye akozeweko n’ urugero(rw) ruhuye. Iyi mpuruza iraboneka no mu bihe aho ata ngereka zizongerwa kubera vyose vyakuwemwo.
Inzira ngufi ku kibaho c’imyandikire
- Idirishwa ryo kwemeza: Y/J = Ego, N/Esc = Oya; Tab/Shift+Tab be n’utufunguro tw’imyambi bihinduranya ivyibandwako.
- “Inyishu y’ibanze (Default answer)” muri Igenamiterere ishiraho buto yibandwako mu ntango.
- Enter ituma buto yibandwako ikora. Tab/Shift+Tab n’imyambi bimura ivyibandwako kugira koroherezwe ukwinjira.
Ikigufashanyo c’utufunguro tw’ihutisha
| Utufunguro | Igikorwa |
|---|---|
| Y / J | Kwemeza Ego |
| N / Esc | Kwemeza Oya |
| Enter | Gukoresha buto yibandwako |
| Tab / Shift+Tab | Kwimura ivyibandwako imbere/inyuma |
| Imyambi | Kwimura ivyibandwako hagati y’ububuto |
| Inyishu y’ibanze | Ishiraho ivyibandwako vya mbere (Ego canke Oya) |
Ibingamizi
- Kwohereza imbere (Forward) ntibihindurwa n’iyi nyongeramusango (Reply na Reply all birashigikiwe).
- Ingereka nini cane zishobora kugengwa n’imbibe za Thunderbird canke uwutanza serivisi.
- Inyongeramusango ntiyigabura (chunk) canke ngo ihonishe (compress) amadosiye; yizera uburyo busanzwe bwa Thunderbird bwo gucungera ingereka.
- Ubutumwa bwakingiwe: ibice vya S/MIME birakuwemwo n’ukugomba.
Impamvu ingereka zishobora kutongerwa
- Amasanamu y’imbere ntiyongerwa nk’ingereka z’idosiye. Iyo "Include inline pictures" iri ON (bisanzwe), ashyirwa mu mubiri w’igisubizo nka data URI. Iyo ayo mahitamo ari OFF, amasanamu y’imbere akurwaho burundu. Raba Igenamiterere.
- Ibice vy’umukono vya S/MIME birakuwemwo uko vyateguwe: amazina y’amadosiye nka
smime.p7sn’ubwoko bwa MIME nkaapplication/pkcs7-signaturecankeapplication/pkcs7-mimebirasimbukwa. - Amagereranyo yo ku rutonde rw’irabura arashobora gusiba abakandida: raba Igenamiterere; uko bihura ntibititaho inyuguti nkuru/nto kandi bihanze ku mazina y’amadosiye gusa.
- Amazina y’amadosiye asubirako ntiyongerwa: niba mu kwandika hasanzwe harimwo idosiye ifise izina ryahuriweko risa, irasimbukwa.
- Ibice bitari amadosiye canke amazina yabuze: ibice bisa nk’amadosiye bifise amazina akoreshwa gusa ni vyo biharurwa ngo vyongerwe.
Raba kandi